Review of computer codes for modeling corrosion product transport and activity build-up in light water reactors
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چکیده
Currently, more than 16% of world energy demand is fulfilled by nuclear power plants (NPPs). This amounts to 2800 TWh energy annually generated by more than 441 NPPs operating in 31 countries worldwide [17]. Amongst these NPPs, the LWRs contribute to more than 85% of total energy produced by all nuclear reactors [20]. With the advantage of being proven technology along with extensive operational experience, the light water NPPs are expected to continue playing a leading role in nuclear power production in both short and medium term scenarios. In LWRs, water is used as neutron moderator and reactor coolant in primary circuits, secondary circuits of pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs) and in the number of auxiliary systems [9]. Water is chemically aggressive medium at high temperature, especially when it comes in contact with the structural materials of reactor components. Over 50 years of experience with LWRs clearly shows that even under normal operating conditions some undesirable effects do occur including corrosion, erosion and deposition of corrosion products on heat transfer surfaces [9]. These corrosion products become mixed with primary coolant due to continuous interaction of turbulent flow of water with the corroded surfaces of primary coolant circuits. Some of the corrosion products remain in dissolved state, while the others become insoluble, forming a black granular material called crud. The corrosion rate of power plants depends on various factors including temperature, the type of material involved, strength of prevailing radiation field and the Review of computer codes for modeling corrosion product transport and activity build-up in light water reactors Muhammad Rafique, Nasir M. Mirza, Sikander M. Mirza, Muhammad J. Iqbal
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